Refrigerating machine



16, 1932- w. G. ABBOTT, JR 1,

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed June 50, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet J.

dit y;

Aug. 16, 1932. ABBOTT, JR 1,871,645

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed June 30, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 1 6, 1932.

w. G. ABBOTT, JR 1,871,645

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed June 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 &

' iffy Aug. 16, 1932. w. G. ABBOTT, JR Q 1,371,645

REFRI GERATING MACHINE Filed June 30, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 lnveniar:illiam 6.05 106122231771 Patented Aug. 16, 1932 WILLIAM G. ABBOTT, JR,MILFORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE BEFRIGERATING MACHINE Application .filed June 30,

This invention relates to an improved type of refrigerating machine ofthe compressor .type, and to various features of the compressor or pumpwhich are advantageous in machines of this type.

My United States Patent No. 1,102,222 discloses a rotary pump whichmakes use of a rotating annulus of liquid, the latter cooperating withan inner member in providing fluid pockets and in varying the eflectivesize of the latter, thus compressing the fluid. A compressor of thischaracter is highly efficient and is adapted to high speed operationwithout objectionable noise or vibration. In addition to those generaladvantages, a compressor of this type is particularly advantageous whenincorporated in a refrigerating machine of the character hereindisclosed wherein the refrigerant cooler or condenser is located uponthe rotary casing of the compressor or is secured thereto so that thecomparatively high speed of rotation is imparte to the refrigerantcooler which accordingly may be of moderate dimensions. Further more, acompressor of the indicated type is particularly advantageous andefficient when used for pumping refrigerant, since the liquid annulus orring may be arranged to maintain the fluid being compressed at atemperature lower than that which it would generally possess incompressors of the conventional type. Thus this part of the refrigerantcycle may approach the conditions characteristic of isothermiccompression rather than adiabatic compression, thereby enhancing theefficiency of the machine. Furthermore, a refrigerating machine of thistype may be pro' vided With a rotary cooling unit which is particularlyadapted to absorb heat from a circulating cooling medium such as brine,air, or

the like.

The particular structural embodiment of the invention which is providedherein permits the essential moving parts of the machine to be locatedwithin a single rota unit or casing which may be sealed and filled witha suitable liquid or liquids and thereupon will need no further care foralong period of time.

Furthermore, the utilization of a centrifu- 1928.- Serial 1T0. 289,432.

gally held liquid body cooperating with a rotor to provide fluid pocketsof varying capacity to effect compression of the pocketed fluid resultsin the provision of pumping means wherein the maximum pressure isdefinitely limited by the artificial head of the' centrifugally heldbody of liquid. In other words, development of excessive fluid pressurein the liquid pockets would cause so great a displacement of thesurrounding liquid that 50 the liquid seal would become broken and thepocketed rvapor would be released. Thus automatically operablepressure-relieving means is inherent in apparatus of this character.

Accordingly objects of the invention among others are to provide silentand compact refrigerating machine which is highly eflicient, which isadapted to be substantially selfcontained, which is automaticallyprotected against the occurrence of excessive internal pressures, whichis free from'the need of frequent attention, and which generally is animprovement upon the state of the art.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a central sectional viewthrough oneembodiment of the improved machine;

Fig. 2 is a section on line 2--2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section on line3-3 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of the machine so as located upon the topof a conventional refrigerator I Fig. 5 is acentral section throughanother form of machine; and

Fig. 6 is a similar view'of another embodiment of the invention. j

Referring to the accompanying drawings and more particularly to Fig. 1thereof, it may be seen that my improved refrigerating machine comprisesa rotatable casing or drum 1 having a suitable extension 4, the easingand extension forming a sealed unit, which is mounted upon axialsupports 3, and the axis of rotation of said casin passing through, orbeing included by, said casing. Adjoining one'end of the casin 1 is apart1- tion 5, the intermediate portion of which carries a suitablebearing 6, while the opposite end of casing 1 carried a similar bearing7 A shaft 8 is rotatably mounted within bearings 6 and 7 and is providedwith an intermediate offset or throw 9 to provide an axis eccentricallydisposed in relation to the axis. of rotation of the drum 1 and to thecenters of bearings 6 and 7. Depending from the end of the shaft 8adjoining the partition 5 is a weight or pendulum 10, a suitable spaceor chamber being formed between the partition 5 and the adjoining end ofthe casing to receive the same. dent that the weight of member 10 servesto hold the eccentric portion or throw of shaft 8 inposition and toprevent the same from rotating in response to therotation of drum 1.

Mounted upon the eccentric portion 9 of this shaft is an inner rotor 14,adaptedto rotate about an included axis. The latter carries a helicalfin 1 5 and gradually increases in diameter from the end adjoining thepartition 5 to the end which adjoins the outer wall of drum 1. Thespiral flange 15 is also arranged to define a helical passage ofdecreasing width as it approaches the larger end of rotor 14. The largeend of the rotor is preferably provided with an extension 17 of reduceddiameter which carries an annular flange 18 to cooperate with a liquidannulus 22 described below in providing a high pressure chamber.Securedupon the edge of helical member 15 are a series of blades 19,Figs. 1 and 3, these blades and/or the helical member 15 being suitablynotched, and the blades and the helical member 15 being welded orotherwise secured to each other.

The bearings 6 and 7 are the bearings upon shaft 8 about which rotor 14rotates and are each provided with suitable lubricant supplying members20. These members may be provided with a plurality of circular grooves21 adjoining the respective shafts, suitable diagonal ducts 22 beingprovided .to permit lubricant to flow to these grooves and from the sameunder the influence of centrifugal force to the adjoining bearings.

Located within drum 1 is a suitable body of liquid 22 which uponrotation of the casing at comparatively high speed will form a liquidannulus due to the action of centrifugal force. Due to the eccentricmounting of rotor 14 in relation to casing 1 and consequently inrelation to this liquid annulus, a series of crescent shaped pockets,Fig.3, are formed within each of the turns of the helical passage.- Asuitable body of fluid to be compressed is caught in the firstconvolution of the passage and, upon rotation of rotor 14 in relation tothe liquid annulus, passes through the passage which gradually decreasesin size; thus the fluid is compressed as it approaches the flange 18which projects into the liquid annulus to form a gas-tight seal at thispoint. As the capacity of the convolutions decreases, the increasingpressure of the trapped fluid tends to distort or displace the innersurface of the liquid'an- It is evinulus, and accordingly the diameterof the 'rotor is correspondingly increased so that a suitable liquidseal is maintained about. all portions of the edge of the helical flangeexcept the entering end thereof designated by numeral 23, Fig. 3, whichalternately projects into the uncompressed fluid at the small end of therotor and is immersed entirely in the liquid annulus.

A suitable pipe 25 projects into the space between flange 18 and the endof the helical member 15, the open'end of this pipe being locatedradially inward from the inner surface of the liquid drum so that thecompressed refrigerant passes into pipe 25. A continuation of this pipeforms the refrigerant cooling or condensing coil 26 which preferably isformed of helically disposed piping arranged about the outer surface ofdrum 1. The opposite end of this spiral duct adjoining the pendulumchamber is connected to an inwardly extending passage 27 which in turnhas a continuation provided by a passageway 28 in a suitable bracket 29secured to the interior of the cooler 4. Bracket 29 rovides a suitabletapered nozzle'or expansion outlet 37 for the compressed refrigerant,this nozzle preferably being arranged redirect the latter in a directionsubstantially par- .allel to that of the axis of rotation of cas- Thecooler is arranged to surround the outlet of nozzle 37 and may carryheat conducting elements 31 in the shape of copper rods, fins or thelike which project inwardly through the walls of casing 4 and outwardlybeyond the same. A fixed chamber or jacket 33 may be located about thesefins, being connected with suitable ducts 34 and 35 through which anysuitable cooling medium such as I ISO air is circulated to and away fromthe heat I conductors 31. The casing 4 may carry an annular flange 30 atthe periphery of which are secured a plurality of vanes or fins 39 whichare adapted to be rotated at high speed due to the rotation of casing 4,these fins beingarranged to aid the natural circulation of the coolingmedium through casing 33, it being evident that the cooling medium thuspasses the rapidly moving heat conductors 31 and quickly gives its heatup to the same being impelled during this movement by the vanes 39 sothat it passes back in a cooled condition to the cooler proper withinthe refrigerator or to any other suitable region where cooling orrefrigeration is desired.

Suitable openings 40 are provided in the partition 5 to permit theexpanded and heated {)efrigerant to return to the pumping cham- Inpractice a machine of this. character tally passes into the pendulumchamber to rebrine or the like. It is evident that rotation absorbedfrom the conductors 31. Due to the propeller-like action of the helicalflange 15,

of the casing 1 due to the action of any suitable driving motor 50- issufiicient. to cause the formation of the liquid drum 22, this liquidrotating due to its frictional engagement with the rotating walls ofcasin 1. The blades 19 which engage the rotat ngliquid annulus areimpelled in the same direction, and accordingly rotor 14 is rotatedwithout necessity for. a direct connection to exterior driving means.Relative rotation of the rotor 14 in relation to the crescent-shapedpockets :of refrigerant formed by each turn of the helical passagecauses these bodies gradually to decrease in size and the refrigerant tobe correspondingly compressed and/or condensed. The flange 18 projectsinto the liquid drum to provide a liquid seal to prevent leakage of therefrigerant about the larger end of the rotor, thus avoiding thenecessity of a stufiing box at this point. The drum 22 may be formed ofliquid which itself is a suitable lubricant for the bearings which aresupplied by grooves 21 and ducts 42 or a suitable amount of oil may belocated within the machine, together with the compression liquidrefrigerant.

\ The rotating helical refrigerant coil has a propeller-like action uponthe surroundlng air so that there is an active movement of air pastthe-coil which not only serves to-cool the latter, but to cool the wallof casing 1 and the liquid annulus therein. Conse-- quently the cooledcompressed refrigerant is supplied under pressure to the nozzle 37,where expansion and/or vaporization takes place and the temperature ofthe refrigerant drops to a low point. and heat is rapidly whichordinarily may occur as a result of theslight relative rotation of thehelical flange and liquid body, there is a constant tendency for theinner-portion of compression fluid, i. e. mercury, to be impelled alongthe rotor 14, consequen'tlythere is a countermovement of the compressionfluid which adioins the wall of easing 1. Thus the air hasan activecirculation past the outer sur fac e of this wall,.while the compressionliquid has an-active circulation adjoining its innersurface, wherebyheat from the compressed refrigerant may be rapidly dissipated to thesurrounding air. Therefore theliquid annulus not only acts as a pumpingmedium or a piston forming medium, but also acts as an effective liquidcooling jacket for the gas or refrigerant being compressed. Accordinglyheat is rapidly absorbed from the refrigerant as its volume is beingreduced, and it tends to be acted upon under conditions approaching thatof isothermic rather than adiabatic expansion, so that the thermalefii'ciency of the machine is enhanced. Similarly the arrangement of thecooling coil 26 upon the exterior of the rotating casing permits the'impingement of a comparatively large amount of air upon the surface ofthe coil, and thus permits the effective cooling of the refrigerantwithout the necessity for special fans, forced drafts or the l-ike.

The machine shown in Fig. 5 has vertically disposed axes of rotation forthe inner and the outer rotors. The latter, which is designated by thenumeral 60, comprises a hollow casing which is provided with an upwardexwithout substantial rotation of the same.

A guard 71 may be located about the thrust bearing 73 at the upperend ofshaft 69 within the casing extension 61. A suitable rotor 75 is locatedwithin casing 60, and carries a helical flange 76 of variable pitch, therotor itself being tapered in the same manner described above. Thehelical passage upon the rotor has its large or low pressure end at thetop of the latter and its restricted or high pressure end adjoining thebottom of the same. Any suitable compressor fluid such as carbontetrachloride is located within the casing 60. Suitable blades 79 aresecured to the outer edge 'of the helical flange 76 by welding or anysuitable means, and are adapted to maintain the liquid in the drum in asubstantially annular position when the rotor is spinning. In otherwords, rotation of rotor 75 results in the formation of a liquid annulusdue to the action of centrifugal force.

The shaft 69 is provided with an offset depending extension 80 aboutwhich the rotor 75 is adapted to turn. Suitable anti-friction bearings81 may be arranged between shaft extension-80 and the rotor, beingprotected by suitable guard washers, packing, or. the

The latter is disposed about the caslng 60 being in the form of ahelical coil which terminates in the substantially vertical pipe 90.

The latter is provided with a trap portion 91 adjoining the coolerchamber 92. The latter is separated from the high pressure chamber by apartition 93 and comprises a downward extension of the casing 60. v

The annular enlargement 94 of this cooler is provided with suitableexternal plates or fins 95 which are adapted to impel a current ofcooling fluid such as air about the cooler 92. Any suitable jacket 98may be located about the cooler, being adapted to receive air from therefrigerator proper or directly from the atmosphere and to lower thetemperature of the same, circulatin the fluid back to the refrigeratorthrough t e pi e 99. Disposed within the cooler 92 are a p uralit ofannular rings 100 each of which are olned to the wall of the cooler by asuitable web or flange, thereby providing a plurality of; annulartroughs about the wall of the cooler,v

A duct 103 extends upwardly with a moderate outward inclination from thebottom of'the cooler, this duct joining a pipe 104: in the casing 60.Pipe 104 has a lower end terminating in the cooler and an upper end 107that has a slight downward inclination over the upper end-of the innerrotor. A suitable reducing nozzle or outlet 109 is located at the end ofpipe 90, being adapted to permit the existence of a pressure difference"in the condenser coil and the cooler.

In the operation of apparatus of the type shown in Fig. 5 the motor 66causes the cas-- ing 60 and its extensions 61 and 92 to rotate at acomparatively high speed forming a liquid annulus in the rotor chamber60. The magnet 7 0 being energized, if desired simultaneously with themotor 66, attracts the armature 68 thus preventing the shaft 69 fromrotating and holding the extension in its ofi'set position in relationto the axis of rotation of the outer rotor.

The blades 7 9 upon rotor 75 are acted upon by the rotating body ofliquid and thus cause the inner rotor to turn about bearings 81 andshaft extension 80. 'Since the inner rotor isprovided with a helicalpassage of gradually diminishing capacity, each convolution of which ispartially submerged in the centrifugally held body of liquid, thisrelative movement causes a difference in pressure between the upper andlower ends of the rotor. Accordingly the refrigerant such as ethylchloride is compressed as it passes through the helical passage to thehigh pressure chamber at the bottom of the inner rotor. The compressedvapor thence passes into the thimble 84 and the pipe 86 to thecondensing coil 89, which is being rotated in the atmosphere atcomparatively high speed. Due to the back pressure provided by thenozzle 109 and due to the cooling effect thus provided, the refrigerantis cooled and condensed by the time it passes down pipe 90 to the nozzle109. It is evident that the arrangement of the pipe 90 causes thecondensing refrigerant to move toward the nozzle 109 under the action ofthe artificial liquid head which is due to the effect of centrifugalforce.

At nozzle 109the pressure upon the condensed refrigerant is released andthe same passes into the cooler as an expanding vapor,

thus reducing the temperature of cooler 92.-

this fluid for example being air, brine or any desired material whichcirculates to the region of refrigeration. The compressor liquid maypreferably be less volatile than the refrigerant. Accordingly anyportion of the former which passes into the. cooler tends to remain aliquid, being held centrifugally above rings until the machine stopsrotating and thus permitting the more volatile refrigerant to vaporizeand return to the compressor. When a device of this character stopsrotating the compressor liquid within the casing'6O tends to fall to thebottom of the same, remaining in this position until the device isstarted.

Any vapor which is within cooler-92 including the compressor fluid whichmay have become entrained in therefrigerant and circulated with the sametends to condense when be returned to the pipe 103 and thence to thechamber 60 when the device is again rotated at high speed. Vaporcondensing. in pipe 104 when the machine is idle will not form a liquidtrap under the action of centrifugal force when the machine is againstarted, but'will be drained out of either one of the pipes or theother.

Fig. 6 illustrates a further; embodiment of my invention which presentsanarrangement of chambers and ducts particularly adapted to use withrefrigerant and com pressor fluids which are more or less miscible orwith a single fluid acting both as a refrigerant and compressor fluid.This form of the invention comprises a rotary casing 110 which isdivided into a plurality of comaxis of rotation of rotor 111 in a fixedec- 1 centric relation to the axis of casing 110. If desired, a pendulummay also be provided to aid in obtaining this result, as illustrated inFig.1, or the magnetic means of Fig. 5 may-be used for a like purpose. IThe rotor 111 may be provided with a helical flange 115 of the generaltype described above, which is provided with a gradually diminishingpitch as it approaches the larger high pressure end of the rotorwhereby'fluid within the helical passage may be compressed. Suitableblades 118 are secured to the edge of the flange in the same manner asdescribed above. Adjoining the high pressure end of the pumping chamberis a condensing chamber 120 which may be connected to the pumpingchamber by suitable openings 123 which adjoin the surface of thecentrifugally held body of liquid 121 within the pumping chamber.Suitable check valve elements or the like may be arranged, if desired,within the passages 123 to permit the movement of the fluid from thepumping to the condensing chamber and to prevent movement of the same inthe opposite direction. i

The compressed fluid which passes into the chamber 120 engages theliquid body 121 which is in effect a continuation of the liquid body121. Suitable cooling flanges 123 may be arranged about this portion ofthe drum 110, (a jacket for circulating air or the like being disposedabout the same, if desired) so that the liquid body 121 is cooled and iseffective in condensing the-compressed fluid within the chamber 113which is added to the liquid body 121. A longitudinal assage 126 extendsalong-the outer-wall o casing 110 between the chamber 120 and theexpansion chamber 125 .so that a body of liquid 121" is disposedwithinthe-latter, due' to" the action of centrifugal force and the tendenciesof the pressures at opposite ends of pipe 126 to equalize.

A suitable annular partition 127 divides chamber 125 from the coolingchamber 130, the partition 127 providing a central opening 128 betweenthese chambers. Chambers 125..and 130, and more particularly the latter,are provided with suitable outwardly projecting cooling elements or hnswhich rotate in a jacket 133 which may receive any suitable medium to becooled, such as air, brine or the like. Disposed between the pumpchamber and chamber 130 are suitable openings 131 which are adapted topermit vapor to be drawn from chambers 125 and 130 to the low pressureend of the pump where a suction is produced.

Y A liquid return passage 139 is arranged to receive liquid from themner surface of the body 121 when the radial depth of the same exceedsthe depth of the low pressure end of liqu d body 121, this passage 139being adapted to return this liquid to the liquid body In the operationof a machine such as disclosed in Fig. 6, the casing 110 is rotated at asuitable speed to permit the formation of a liquid annulus 121 in thepump chamber. Rotation of this liquid body causes a similar movement ofblades 118 and rotor 111, whereby vapor is drawn from chambers 125 and130 and the liquid in the former chamber is constantly being vaporizedand the temperature in the same is materially lowered. The vapor iscompressed in the helical passage and passed through the openings 123into the condenser chamber 120 at a comparatively high temperature wherethe cooling effect of the liquid body 121 and the fins 123 cause thevapor to become condensed and added to the volume of liquid body 121.

As a result of the accretions to this body, liquid flows from chamber120 to chamber l25, ;i. e. from the body 121" to the body 121 and thecycle is completed. When there is an over supply of liquid in thechamber 125 it will tend to be returned to the pump chamber throu h theduct. 139 due to the action of centri ugal force. Particularly when thecompressor fluidis heavier than the refrigerantthe particles of theformer which stray into the pipe 126 and the chamber 125 will tend tocollect adjoining the outer wall of the latter where they will bereceived by the passage 139 and be immediately returned to the pumpingchamber. Due to the pumping effect of the helical flange the amount offluid in chamber 120 tends constantly to be increased, and there is afluid movement from this chamber to chamber 125 from which thegerantbeing vaporized and liquefied during Q successive portions of the cycleand :the compressor fluid preferably remaining-a liquid.

In each of the refrigerating machines described above the maximumpressurewhich can be obtained b the pumping means is limited by the artcial liquid head which is imposed upon the rotating liquid annulus bycentrifugal force. As soon as the pressure of the pocketed fluid at thesmaller end of the helical passage rises unduly, the liquid whichnormally forms a seal about the helical flange will become displaced andthe pressure released. In addition the pendulum, magnet or other meansutilized to prevent the inner shaft from turning provides a yieldableresistance against the turning of this shaft in response to excessivepressures within the container. However, normally the liquid seal willbe broken before the pendulum will tend to be rotated due to excessivepressures or before the armature will be moved out of its normalposition in relation to the magnet.

It is thus evident that I have provided a simple rotatingrefrigeratingmachine of the compressing type which may be free fromreciprocating parts, valves, stutfing boxes, etc. and accordingly isquiet and substantially vibrationless in operation. At the same timethis machine is compact and self-contained,

sively diminishing capacity:i

the inner rotor and the liquids being completely sealed within casingsand it is adapted to run for an indefinite period without requiringspecial attention.

I claim:

1. In a refrigerating system, a rotary compressor, including a rotarycasing containmg a body of liquid, said casing being arranged uponrotation to maintain said liquid in the form of an annulus, a rotorwithin the casing rotatable about an axis eccentric in relation to theinner surface of the annulus, said rotor having a helical passagepartially submerged in the liquid" of said annulus, said passage beingarranged to have a large inlet end to receive refrigerant and taperingto a smaller outlet end to give up compressed refrigerant, a duct forcooling compressed refrigerant connected to the outlet of the helicalpassage, said duct extending spirally about the rotary casing and beingarranged to vent refrigerant into a cooler, the liquid in said' annulusbeing circulated past the inner surface of the wall of the casmg by thearrangement of the helical passage, and air being swept past theoutersur- (flacqh of the wall by rotation of the spiral 2. In a refrigeratingsystem, a rotary compressor, including a rota casing containing a bodyof liquid, said casing being arranged ,upon rotation to maintain saidliquid in the form of an annulus, a member within the casing, saidmember cooperating with the annulus to provide fluid pockets. ofsucceswhereby the contained fluid is compresse a cooler connected tosaid member, a duct collecting compressed fluid from the pockets, acooler connected to the duct, and means permitting the expansion of thefluid passing from the duct 1 the $300161 3. In a refrigerating system,a rotary compressor, including a rotary casing containing a body ofliquid, said casing being arranged upon rotation to maintain said liquidin the form of an annulus, a rotor within the casing rotatable about anaxis eccentric in relation to the inner surface of the annulus, saidrotor having a helical passage partially submerged in the liquid of saidannulus, said passage being arranged to have a large inlet end toreceive refrigerant and tapering to a smaller outlet end to give upcompressed refrigerant, a cooler connected to said outlet, a passage forcooling compressed refrigerant arranged to rotate with the easing andarranged to receive refrigerant compressed in said helical passage andto conduct the same to the'cooler, and a return-passage to permit vaporto be drawn from the cooler to the inlet end of the helical passage.

4. In a refrigerating system, a rotary compressor, including a rotarycasing containing a body of liquid, said casing being arranged uponrotation to maintain said liquid in the form of an annulus, a rotorWithin the casing rotatable about an axis eccentric 1n relatlon to theinner surface of the annulus, means whereby the annulus may impartrotary movement to the rotor and means tending to maintain the axis ofthe rotor and the casing in fixed relation to each other, a passage forcooling compressed refrigerant arranged to rotate with the casing, and acooler connected to said passage.

' 5. In a refrigerating system, a rotary compressor, including a rotarycasing containing a body of liquid, said casing being arranged uponrotation to maintain said liquid in the form of an annulus, a rotorwithin the casing rotatable about an axis eccentric in relation to theinner surface of the annulus, said rotor having a helical passagepartially submerged in the liquid of said annulus, said passage beingarranged to have a large inlet end to receive refrigerant and taperingto a smaller outlet end to give up compressed refrigerant, a duct I forcooling compressed refrigerant connected to the outlet of the helicalpassage, said duct extending about the rotary casing, and a rotarycooler secured to the drum and means permitting the expansion ofrefrigerant passing from said duct to the cooler.

6. In a refrigerating system a 'rotarycompressor, including a rotarycasing containing a body of liquid, said casing being arranged uponrotation to maintain said liquid in the form of an annulus, a'rotorwithin the casing rotatable about an axis eccentric in relation to theinner surface of the annulus, a helical passage on the rotqr, meanswhereby the annulus may impart rotary movement to the rotor, means tomaintain the axis of the rotor and the casing in fixed relation to eachother, said liquid being circulated past the inner surface of thecasing-wall due to the arrangement of the helical passage upon therotor, and spirally disposed cooling means upon the outer surface ofsaid wall, whereby air is swept past said wall to receive heat from theliquid of the annulus.

7. In a refrigerating system, a rotary compressor, including arotar-ycasing containing a body of liquid, said casing being arrangedupon rotation to maintain said liquid in the form of an annulus, a rotorwithin the casing rotatable about an axis eccentric in relation to theinner surface of the annulus, said rotor having a helical passagepartially submerged in the liquid of said annulus, said passage beingarranged to have a large inlet end to receive refrigerant and taperingto a smaller outlet end to give up compressed refrigerant, and a rotarycooler secured to the casing, said cooler carrying an impeller forcirculating a fluid about said rotating cooler.

8. A refrigerating machine comprising a rotary unit containing a body ofliquid, rotary compressor means associated with said liquid androtatable about an included axis within said unit, a cooling passage forcompressed refrigerant connected to the compressor means and arrangedabout the outer wall of the unit, a rotary cooler carried by said unit,a jacket about said cooler to permit a fluid to circulate thereabout,and an impeller to aid circulation of said fluid.

9. A refrigerating machine comprising a refrigerant compressor, saidcompressor including a rotary unit containing a body of liquid, saidunit being arranged upon rotation to maintain said liquid in the form ofan annulus, and rotary compressor means actuated by said liquid annulusand rotatable about an included axis within said unit, a cooling passagefor compressed refrigerant connected to the compressor means andarranged about the wall of the unit, and a cooler connected to saidcooling passage.

10. A refrigerating machine comprising a refrigerant compressor, saidcompressor including a rotary unit containing a body of liquid, saidunit being arranged upon rotation to maintain said liquid in the form ofan annulus, a rotor within said unit and rotatable about an axiseccentric in relation to the inner surface. of said annulus, and meanswhereby the annulus may impart a rotary movement to the rotor, a coolingpassage for compressed refrigerant connected to the compressor means andarranged about the outer wall of the unit, and a rotary cooler carriedby said unit, said passage having an expansion outlet in said cooler.

11. A refrigerating machine comprising a refrigerant compressor, saidcompressor including a rotary unit containing a body of liquid, saidunit being arran ed upon rotation to maintain said liquid in the form ofan annulus, a rotor within said unit and rotatable about an axiseccentric in relation to the inner surface of said annulus, meanswhereby the annulus may impart a rotary movement to the rotor, and meanstending to maintain the axis of the rotor in fixed rela-

